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Ðây là Chương Trình Anh Ngữ Sinh Ðộng New Dynamic English, bài 94. Phạm Văn xin kính chào quí vị thính giả. Mở đầu bài học, Gary Engleton mách cho ta biết, hiện nay, ở nhiều tỉnh ở Mỹ, như San Francisco, có luật cấm hút thuốc lá trong sở hay trong khách sạn, hay nhà hàng.

But Americans smoke less than people in most other countries.=Nhưng người Mỹ hút thuốc lá ít hơn phần lớn người các xứ khác.
Smoke=hút thuốc lá;
smoking=sự hút thuốc lá.
No smoking=cấm hút thuốc.
A public place=nơi công cộng
I like to have a cigarette after dinner=tôi muốn hút một điếu thuốc lá sau bữa ăn tối.
In many American cities it is illegal to smoke in a restaurant=ở nhiều thành phố ở Mỹ , hút thuốc lá trong nhà hàng (tiệm ăn) là trái luật.
Law=luật;
Legal=hợp pháp;
illegal=trái luật, against the law.
It depends on the local laws and customs=tùy luật địa phương và tập tục.
Nobody=không có ai; nobody dùng vói động từ ở ngôi thứ ba số ít.
I went to a business lunch in America recently and nobody was smoking=mới đây tôi dự một bữa ăn trưa bàn công chuyện ở Mỹ và không có ai hút thuốc lá.

Most big corporations have special places for smoking=phần lớn các công ty lớn dành chỗ riêng để hút thuốc.
And some companies don’t allow it at all=và một số công ty thì lại không cho phép hút thuốc.
Whatever you do, don’t light a cigarette before you know the rules=dù bạn làm gì chăng nữa, đừng châm thuốc trước khi biết những luật lệ.
You should ask someone who lives or works there=Bạn nên hỏi người sống ở đó hay làm việc ở đó.
To light, lit, lit (hay lighted)=châm thuốc, châm nến.
A lighted (hay “lit”) cigaret
te=điếu thuốc đang cháy.
To light a bonfire=đốt lửa.
A lighter=bật lửa.
If you are caught with a lighted (lit) cigarette in an elevator, you may be fined $25. Nếu bạn bị bắt đang cầm một điếu thuốc đang cháy trong thang máy, bạn có thể bị phạt 25 Mỹ kim.
It is illegal to smoke on an airplane.=hút thuốc trên máy bay lá trái luật.

Cut 1

Culture Tips: Smoking
Larry: Culture Tips: Smoking This Culture Tip discusses smoking in the United States.
Eliz: Welcome once again to “Culture Tips” with Gary Engleton. Gary: Welcome, everybody! Eliz: Today’s e mail question is about smoking. The question is, “I like to have a cigarette after dinner.” “I went to a business lunch in America recently and nobody was smoking!” “Don’t Americans smoke?”
Gary: Actually, many American business men and women do smoke. But Americans smoke less than people in most other countries.
Eliz: Really?
Gary: Yes, and in many American cities it is illegal to smoke in restaurants.
Eliz: Illegal?
Gary: Yes, San Francisco is a good example.
It is illegal to smoke in restaurants in San Francisco.
Eliz: And what about other public places and in companies? When is it OK to smoke?
Gary: It depends on the local laws and customs. Most big corporations have special places for smoking. And some companies don’t allow it at all.
Eliz: Really! So how do you know if it is OK to smoke?
Gary: Whenever you aren’t sure, you should ask someone who lives or works there. Whatever you do, don’t light a cigarette before you know the rules.
Eliz: Good advice! Thanks Gary!
Gary: My pleasure!
Vietnamese Explanation

Trong phần tới, quí vị nghe một câu rồi tuỳ nghĩa trong bài trả lời Ðúng hay Sai, True or False. Legal=hợp pháp, thuộc về pháp luật. Illegal=trái luật, against the law.

Cut 2

Language Focus: True/False

Larry: True or False.
Larry: Listen. Is this statement true or false?
Eliz: Americans smoke more than people in other countries.
(ding) (pause for answer)
Eliz: False. In America, people smoke less than in many other countries. (pause)
Eliz: In many American cities, it is illegal to smoke in restaurants. (ding) (pause for answer)
Eliz: True. Smoking in restaurants is against the law in many American cities. (pause)
Eliz: Before you smoke, you should always make sure it is OK. (ding) (pause for answer)
Eliz: True. In the U.S., local laws and customs are different in different states.
MUSIC
Vietnamese Explanation
Trong phần tới ta tập nghe những cách xin phép Asking for permission.
A programmer=thảo chương viên máy điện toán.
Do you mind if I I smoke? Bạn có phiền nếu tôi hút thuốc không?
Not at all=không sao. No, it doesn’t bother me.
Chuyện ấy không phiền gì tôi. [Nếu thấy phiền thì trả lời, Actually, I do mind. Thực ra, tôi rất phiền nếu bạn hút thuốc.]
The non smoking area is over there=khu cấm hút thuốc ở đằng kia.
Strict=khắt khe.
I know they’re pretty strict about smoking in this city=thành phố này khá ngặt về việc cấm hút thuốc.
A flight attendant=nữ (hay nam) tiếp viên hàng không.
Smoking is illegal on all domestic and international flights=Cấm hút thuốc ở các đường bay nội xứ và quốc tế.
Take off=cất cánh.
Land, touch down=hạ cánh.
We announced it before we took off.=chúng tôi đã loan báo cấm hút thuốc trước khi máy bay cất cánh.

Cut 3

Business Dialog: Asking for Permission

Larry: Business Dialog
Eliz: Let’s listen to today’s Business Dialog. Bill is drinking coffee at a table in a conference center. Jennifer asks permission to join him.
Jennifer: Do you mind if I sit here?
Bill: No, not at all! Please do.
Jennifer: My name is Jennifer.
Bill: Hi, I’m Bill. Are you here for the computer conference?
Jennifer: Yes, I am. I’m a programmer. (pause)
Bill: Do you mind if I smoke?
Jennifer: No, I don’t mind. But isn’t this a non smoking area?
Bill: Let’s see. No, the non smoking area is over there.
Jennifer: Good. I know they’re pretty strict about smoking in this city.
Eliz: Now let’s listen to another conversation. Augusto, a businessman from Argentina, is flying from Boston to Los Angeles. He begins a conversation with Mary, an American woman in the seat next to him.
Augusto: Hello, I’m Augusto.
Mary: I’m Mary.
Augusto: Do you know how long this flight is?
Mary: I think that it’s about 6 hours.
Augusto: I hope that there’s a movie.
Mary: There is. (pause)
Augusto: Do you mind if I smoke?
Mary: Well, yes. Actually, I do mind. And I believe that smoking is illegal on all flights in America.
Augusto: Really?
Mary: Yes, but let’s check. There’s the flight attendant. (pause)
Mary: Excuse me.
Flight Attendant: Can I help you?
Mary: Yes, this gentleman has a question.
Augusto: May I smoke on this flight?
Flight Attendant: Oh no! Smoking is illegal on all domestic flights. We announced it before we took off.
Augusto: Oh, sorry.
MUSIC
Vietnamese Explanation

Trong phần tới, quí vị thực tập cách xin phép. Xin nghe rồi lập lại.

Cut 4

Focus on Functions: Permission

Larry: Focus on Functions: Permission
Eliz: Now let’s focus on Asking for Permission.
Larry: Listen and Repeat.
Eliz: Do you mind if I sit here? (pause for repeat)
Larry: No, not at all! Please do. (pause for repeat)
Eliz: Do you mind if I smoke? (pause for repeat)
Larry: No, I don’t mind. (pause for repeat)
Eliz: Do you mind if I smoke? (pause for repeat)
Larry: Well, yes. (pause for repeat)
Larry: Actually, I do mind. (pause for repeat)
MUSIC
Vietnamese Explanation

Trong phần mách giúp văn hoá, Gary Engleton chỉ cho ta cách dùng nhóm chữ “Do you mind if I ____? Bạn có phiền nếu tôi.. Nếu ai hỏi ta câu này, và nếu ta không phiền, thì trả lời: No, not at all. Hay: It doesn’t bother me. Nhưng nếu ta cảm thấy phiền, thì trả lời, Yes, I do mind, hay: Actually, I do mind.

Cut 5

Gary’s Tips:
Larry: Gary’s Tips.

UPBEAT MUSIC

Eliz: Now it’s time for Gary’s Tips with Gary Engleton!
Gary: Hello, Elizabeth! Today I’ll be talking about asking for permission. Eliz: Asking for permission?
Gary: Yes. Sometimes you need to ask if it is OK to do something.
You need to ask permission.
One of the most polite ways to ask permission is to ask “Do you mind...?”
In today’s first Business Dialogue, Jennifer asks Bill if it is OK for her to sit down:

Jennifer: Do you mind if I sit here?
Bill: Not at all! Please do.
Gary: Bill gives her permission to sit down using the negative expression “No, not at all.” Eliz: Why does he use a negative expression? Why doesn’t he say Yes?
Gary: Well, “Do you mind?” means “Does it bother you?” So your answer “No, not at all,” means “No, it doesn’t bother me.”
Eliz: That can be a little confusing.
Gary: Yes. It can be confusing. So it is good to say something more to make your meaning clear. In this case, Bill says “Please do.” In other words, “Please sit here.” Let’s listen again:

Jennifer: Do you mind if I sit here? Bill: No, not at all! Please do.

Eliz: He gives her permission to sit there.
Gary: That’s right. When Bill asks Jennifer if it is OK to smoke, he also uses the expression “Do you mind?”

Bill: Do you mind if I smoke? Jennifer: No, I don’t mind.

Gary: She says “No, I don’t mind.” Her negative answer means that it is OK for him to smoke; she doesn’t mind. (pause)
Gary: Now let’s listen to the second Business Dialog. Augusto is on an airplane.
He asks the woman sitting next to him if it is OK to smoke.

Augusto: Do you mind if I smoke? Mary: Well, yes. Actually, I do mind.

Gary: She doesn’t want him to smoke.
In this case, Yes means “Yes, I do mind if you smoke. Yes, it will bother me.” She makes her meaning very clear by saying “Actually, I do mind.”

I hope today’s tips were helpful! Thanks for joining us today for Gary’s Tips. We’ll see you again next time!
Eliz: Thanks Gary!

MUSIC

Eliz: Well, our time is up. Tune in again next time for Functioning in Business. See you then!

Vietnamese Explanation

Quí vị vừa học xong bài 94 trong Chương Trình Anh Ngữ Sinh Ðộng, New Dynamic English. Phạm Văn xin kính chào quí vị thính giả và xin hẹn gặp lại trong bài học kế tiếp.